Martingale Theory with Applications, Autumn 2021

MATH30027, MATHM0045

This unit will run face-to-face.


 
Márton Balázs
Email:m.balazs@our_city.ac.countrycode
Tel:+44 (0) 117 4284918 but I'm hardly in the office these days.
Office:Fry 1.44
Math cafés: To be announced soon.
Drop in Sessions: Wednesdays 13:30 - 14:30 (face-to-face, Fry 1.44) and 18:00 - 19:00 (online, see Zoom link on Blackboard) on teaching weeks.
Nov 10's face-to-face session will be half an hour sooner, 13:00-14:00.
Extra drop-in session: Tuesday 14th December, 11:00, G.10.
Support Sessions: Mondays 16:00 - 17:00 (online with Ziyang Liu, see Zoom link on Blackboard) on weeks 4-6 and 8-12.
 Fridays 11:00am - 12:00pm on weeks 3 and 7.
Q&A Session: Tuesday 11th January, 3:00pm, 2.41 Fry, and 5pm online (see Blackboard for Zoom link). Prepare with questions.

 
 
  • The unit description for level H/6, including assessment methods, texts, syllabus.
     
  • The unit description for level M/7, including assessment methods, texts, syllabus.
     
  • This unit will happen face-to-face, and you are expected to follow lectures in the classroom. Nevertheless, I will link YouTube videos from previous years on most but not all of the material, see the column "Past videos" in the table. I hope YouTube works for everyone interested, let me know otherwise.
     
  • I will assume familiarity with the following concepts from calculus and analysis, but of course I'm happy to discuss these outside class:
    • basic properties, derivatives and integrals of elementary functions like polynomials, exponential, logarithm, trigonometric and some hyperbolic functions
    • the definition of limit, liminf and limsup of real-valued sequences
    • that monotone sequences have limits
    • the definition of a Cauchy sequence and that these are convergent in ℝ
    • that 1/np is summable for p>1 but not for p≤1, and the analogous statement for integrals
    • that exponentials converge/diverge faster than any polynomial
    • the triangle inequality for absolute value
    • the way to find maxima and minima of smooth real to real functions
    • the Heine–Cantor theorem on uniform continuity of continuous real-valued functions on a closed and bounded real interval

     
  • Lecture notes (last modified: 22 Nov 2021). Please send me comments (e.g., typos). Most of these notes are based on A.N. Shyriaev: Probability (Second Edition, Springer) and D. Williams: Probability with Martingales (Cambridge University Press) which you can take a look into yourself. These latter are however advisory, examinable is what is featured in lectures.
     
  • Extended slides/notes of elementary probability. Some of it can be used as reference and refreshment for parts of the Probability 1 and Advanced Probability 2 units. We will not touch most of this material in class. Please notice that these links are by no means meant to fully cover our material, nor will all parts of all of them be assessed. They rather serve as background reading. (They are actually part of lecture notes for a rather strong first probability unit I used to teach before.)
     
  • Remark on the assessments: there will be no distinction between levels H/6 and M/7 regarding homeworks. Six homework sets will be assigned, see the schedule below. My marking deadline is one week after the respective due dates. From each of these, you can collect 17 homework marks. Your final mark will be weighted as 20% -- 80% homework mark -- exam mark. The exams at levels H/6 and M/7 will have cca. 80% overlap. Past exams, one with solutions, are to be found on the Blackboard page Resources for studentsExaminations.
     
  • A few more remarks on the exam: for both levels, final examination will be 2½-hour long, will consist of four questions each of which will be used for assessment. The exams at levels H/6 and M/7 will have cca. 80% overlap. Calculators of an approved type, as well as four sheets of A4 notes written double-sided can be brought into the examination. Past exams, one with solutions, are to be found on the Blackboard page Resources for studentsExaminations. Notice the unit was only 10cp before.
     
  • I came across this illustration of Jensen's inequality: square-root of the average ≠ average of the square-root.

Below is a detailed schedule. Topics of future events are plans, and can change. Topics of past events serve as log.

Homeworks are/will also be posted here: just click those with a link below. They are due every second Thursday, except the last week (see below), at 12:00pm in Blackboard.

Homework solutions will appear on Blackboard, please email me if you have problem accessing these.


 
Date Topics Past videos Homework due:
Mon 27 Sep Measure Theory (basic notions, probability)
1, 2 --
Wed 29 Sep Measure Theory (basic notions, probability)
3, 4   --
Thu 30 Sep Ex. class (sigma-algebras, random variables, stochastic processes, conditional expectation) 5, 6
--
Mon 4 Oct Expectation, conditional expectation
7, 8 --
Wed 6 Oct Conditional expectation 9, 10 --
Thu 7 Oct Conditional expectation 11
by noon:
HW1 (sol. on Bb.)
Mon 11 Oct Probabilistic tools: Borel Cantelli lemmas 12, 13, 14 --
Wed 13 Oct Probabilistic tools: limits and expectations 15, 16, 17 --
Thu 14 Oct Ex. class (probabilistic tools) --
Mon 18 Oct Probabilistic tools: Fubini; inequalities 18, 19
--
Wed 20 Oct Probabilistic tools: inequalities 20, 21 --
Thu 21 Oct Modes of convergence 22, 23 by noon:
HW2 (sol. on Bb.)
Mon 25 Oct Modes of convergence: relations 24 --
Wed 27 Oct Modes of convergence: relations and examples; martingales 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 --
Thu 28 Oct Ex. class (martingales) --
Mon 1 Nov Filtrations, martingales 30, 31 --
Wed 3 Nov Optional stopping (ABRACADABRA) 32 --
Thu 4 Nov ABRACADABRA, random walks and martingales by noon:
HW3 (sol. on Bb.)
Mon 8 Nov Random walks and martingales; Upcrossing Lemma, martingale convergence 33, 34 --
Wed 10 Nov Martingale convergence; L2 convergence 35
--
Thu 11 Nov Ex. class (martingale convergence) --
Mon 15 Nov Doob's decomposition --
Wed 17 Nov Uniform integrability 36, 37, 38 --
Thu 18 Nov UI and convergence: proofs 39, 40, 41, 42 by noon:
HW4 (sol. on Bb.)
Mon 22 Nov UI martingales 43, 44 --
Wed 24 Nov Tail σ-algebra, 0-1 law; Strong Law of Large Numbers 45, 46, 47 --
Thu 25 Nov Ex. class (Doob's decomp., UI martingales) --
Mon 29 Nov Doob's submartingale inequality 48 --
Wed 1 Dec Doob's submartingale inequality --
Thu 2 Dec Doob's submartingale inequality: Azuma-Hoeffding by noon:
HW5 (sol. on Bb.)
Mon 6 Dec European option, hedging strategy 49, 50 --
Wed 8 Dec Black-Scholes optional pricing and proof 51 --
Thu 9 Dec Ex. class (Doob submart. ineq., Azuma-Hoeffding) --
Mon 13 Dec Black-Scholes optional pricing proof 52 --
Wed 15 Dec Review by noon:
HW6 (sol. on Bb.)
Thu 16 Dec Review --

 
 

 

If you have any questions, please contact me (see on top). Click here to see my calendar.


 

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